Bibliogr. p. 87-88

I : Short arguments : some general rules Identify premises and conclusion Develop your ideas in a natural order Start from reliable premises Be concrete and concise Build on substance, not overtone Use consistent terms II : Generalizations Use more than one example Use representative examples Background rates may be crucial Statistics need a critical eye Consider counterexamples III : Arguments by analogy. Analogies require relevantly similar examples IV : Sources Cite your sources Seek informed sources Seek impartial sources Cross-check sources Use the Web with care V : Arguments about causes Causal arguments start with correlations Correlations may have alternative explanations Work toward the most likely explanation Expect complexity VI : Deductive arguments Modus ponen Modus tollens Hypothetical syllogism Disjunctive syllogism Dilemma Reductio ad absurdum Deductive arguments in several steps VII : Extended arguments. Explore the issue Spell out basic ideas as arguments Defend basic premises with arguments of their own Consider objections Consider alternatives VIII : Argumentative essays Jump right in Make a definite claim or proposa Your argument is your outline Detail objections and meet them Get feedback and use i Modesty, please! IX: Oral arguments Reach out to your audience Be fully present Signpost your argument Offer something positive Use visual aids sparingly End in style Appendix I: Some common fallacies Appendix II: Definitions When terms are unclear, get specific When terms are contested, work from the clear cases Definitions don't replace arguments