1997BESA1020

Publication autorisée par le jury

61 ref.

Thèse de doctorat Linguistique Besançon 1997

THE ANALYSIS OF A COMPOUND NOUN WITH JUXTAPOSED ELEMENTS RAISES PROBLEMS, PARTICULARLY CONCERNING THE EXPLICIT DESCRIPTION OF THE SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC RELATION BETWEEN THE ELEMENTS OF THE COMPOUND NOUN. IN HIS TRANSFORMATIONAL APPROACH, ROBERT LEES (1963, CHAP. IV) PROPOSES THE CREATION OF A MINIMAL SOURCE-SENTENCE, FROM WHICH THE COMPOUND NOUN WOULD BE DERIVED THROUGH SUCCESSIVE TRANSFORMATIONS, BUT HIS METHOD IS EASILY APPLICABLE ONLY WHEN THE SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC RELATION IS SIMPLE; ITS APPLICATION PROVES TO BE DIFFICULT WHEN THE RELATION BECOMES COMPLICATED, AND QUITE IMPOSSIBLE WHEN CHANGE OF MEANING COMES INTO PLAY. IN THE LEXICOGRAPHIC APPROACH, THE TRADITIONAL DEFINITION, WHICH IS A SEMANTICALLY EQUIVALENT PERIPHRASIS, IS MAINLY INTENDED TO GIVE THE MEANING OF THE COMPOUND NOUN. THEREFORE IT GIVES AT BEST INDIRECT PRECISION ON THE SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC RELATION BETWEEN THE ELEMENTS. HOWEVER THE NON- LIMITED NUMBER OF THE COMPONENTS OF A DEFINITION MIGHT ALLOW ONE TO ANALYSE AND DESCRIBE EXPLICITLY A COMPLEX SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC RELATION, EVEN IF CHANGE OF MEANING COMES INTO PLAY. A TENTATIVE SYNTHESIS OF THE TWO APPROACHES MAKES IT POSSIBLE TO IMAGINE THE CREATION OF AN EXPLANATORY TEXT WHICH WOULD COMBINE THE PRESENTATION OF THE MEANING WITH THAT OF THE SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC RELATION. THE ANALYSIS OF A CORPUS OF 8318 COMPOUND NOUNS THAT HAVE BEEN FORMED SINCE 1933 (LISTED FROM SUPPLEMENTS III AND IV OF THE O.E.D.) AND CLASSIFIED IN TYPES, ENABLES ONE TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN VARIOUS PATTERNS.

L'ANALYSE D'UN NOM COMPOSE PAR JUXTAPOSITION PRESENTE DES DIFFICULTES, NOTAMMENT EN CE QUI CONCERNE L'EXPLICITATION DE LA RELATION SYNTACTICO-SEMANTIQUE ENTRE LES ELEMENTS DU COMPOSE. DANS SON APPROCHE TRANSFORMATIONNELLE, ROBERT LEES (1963, CHAP. IV) A PROPOSE LA CREATION D'UNE PHRASE-SOURCE MINIMALE, D'OU PROVIENDRAIT LE COMPOSE, PAR TRANSFORMATIONS SUCCESSIVES, MAIS SA METHODE N'EST AISEMENT APPLICABLE QUE LORSQUE LA RELATION SYNTACTICO-SEMANTIQUE EST SIMPLE; SON APPLICATION DEVIENT PROBLEMATIQUE QUAND LA RELATION SE COMPLIQUE, ET TOUT A FAIT IMPOSSIBLE LORSQUE LA METASEMIE ENTRE EN JEU. DANS L'APPROCHE LEXICOGRAPHIQUE, LA DEFINITION TRADITIONNELLE, EN TANT QUE PERIPHRASE SEMANTIQUEMENT EQUIVALENTE, EST DESTINEE AVANT TOUT A DONNER LE SENS DU COMPOSE ET, PAR CONSEQUENT, NE DONNE AU MIEUX QU'INDIRECTEMENT DES PRECISIONS SUR LA RELATION SYNTACTICO-SEMANTIQUE ENTRE LES ELEMENTS. TOUTEFOIS LE CARACTERE NON-LIMITE DU NOMBRE DES CONSTITUANTS DE LA DEFINITION POURRAIT PERMETTRE D'ANALYSER ET D'EXPLICITER UNE RELATION SYNTACTICO SEMANTIQUE COMPLEXE, MEME SI LA METASEMIE ENTRE EN JEU. UN ESSAI DE SYNTHESE DES DEUX APPROCHES PERMET D'ENVISAGER LA CREATION D'UN TEXTE EXPLICATIF DE SYNTHESE QUI COMBINERAIT L'EXPLICITATION DU SENS ET CELLE DE LA RELATION SYNTACTICO-SEMANTIQUE. L'ANALYSE D'UN CORPUS DE 8318 NOMS COMPOSES APPARUS EN ANGLAIS DEPUIS 1933 (RELEVES DANS LES SUPPLEMENTS III ET IV DE VOXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARY) ET CLASSES PAR TYPES, PERMET D'ABOUTIR A LA CONSTITUTION DE SCHEMAS-TYPES.

L'ANALYSE D'UN NOM COMPOSE PAR JUXTAPOSITION PRESENTE DES DIFFICULTES, NOTAMMENT EN CE QUI CONCERNE L'EXPLICITATION DE LA RELATION SYNTACTICO-SEMANTIQUE ENTRE LES ELEMENTS DU COMPOSE. DANS SON APPROCHE TRANSFORMATIONNELLE, ROBERT LEES (1963, CHAP. IV) A PROPOSE LA CREATION D'UNE PHRASE-SOURCE MINIMALE, D'OU PROVIENDRAIT LE COMPOSE, PAR TRANSFORMATIONS SUCCESSIVES, MAIS SA METHODE N'EST AISEMENT APPLICABLE QUE LORSQUE LA RELATION SYNTACTICO-SEMANTIQUE EST SIMPLE; SON APPLICATION DEVIENT PROBLEMATIQUE QUAND LA RELATION SE COMPLIQUE, ET TOUT A FAIT IMPOSSIBLE LORSQUE LA METASEMIE ENTRE EN JEU. DANS L'APPROCHE LEXICOGRAPHIQUE, LA DEFINITION TRADITIONNELLE, EN TANT QUE PERIPHRASE SEMANTIQUEMENT EQUIVALENTE, EST DESTINEE AVANT TOUT A DONNER LE SENS DU COMPOSE ET, PAR CONSEQUENT, NE DONNE AU MIEUX QU'INDIRECTEMENT DES PRECISIONS SUR LA RELATION SYNTACTICO-SEMANTIQUE ENTRE LES ELEMENTS. TOUTEFOIS LE CARACTERE NON-LIMITE DU NOMBRE DES CONSTITUANTS DE LA DEFINITION POURRAIT PERMETTRE D'ANALYSER ET D'EXPLICITER UNE RELATION SYNTACTICO SEMANTIQUE COMPLEXE, MEME SI LA METASEMIE ENTRE EN JEU. UN ESSAI DE SYNTHESE DES DEUX APPROCHES PERMET D'ENVISAGER LA CREATION D'UN TEXTE EXPLICATIF DE SYNTHESE QUI COMBINERAIT L'EXPLICITATION DU SENS ET CELLE DE LA RELATION SYNTACTICO-SEMANTIQUE. L'ANALYSE D'UN CORPUS DE 8318 NOMS COMPOSES APPARUS EN ANGLAIS DEPUIS 1933 (RELEVES DANS LES SUPPLEMENTS III ET IV DE VOXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARY) ET CLASSES PAR TYPES, PERMET D'ABOUTIR A LA CONSTITUTION DE SCHEMAS-TYPES.

THE ANALYSIS OF A COMPOUND NOUN WITH JUXTAPOSED ELEMENTS RAISES PROBLEMS, PARTICULARLY CONCERNING THE EXPLICIT DESCRIPTION OF THE SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC RELATION BETWEEN THE ELEMENTS OF THE COMPOUND NOUN. IN HIS TRANSFORMATIONAL APPROACH, ROBERT LEES (1963, CHAP. IV) PROPOSES THE CREATION OF A MINIMAL SOURCE-SENTENCE, FROM WHICH THE COMPOUND NOUN WOULD BE DERIVED THROUGH SUCCESSIVE TRANSFORMATIONS, BUT HIS METHOD IS EASILY APPLICABLE ONLY WHEN THE SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC RELATION IS SIMPLE; ITS APPLICATION PROVES TO BE DIFFICULT WHEN THE RELATION BECOMES COMPLICATED, AND QUITE IMPOSSIBLE WHEN CHANGE OF MEANING COMES INTO PLAY. IN THE LEXICOGRAPHIC APPROACH, THE TRADITIONAL DEFINITION, WHICH IS A SEMANTICALLY EQUIVALENT PERIPHRASIS, IS MAINLY INTENDED TO GIVE THE MEANING OF THE COMPOUND NOUN. THEREFORE IT GIVES AT BEST INDIRECT PRECISION ON THE SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC RELATION BETWEEN THE ELEMENTS. HOWEVER THE NON- LIMITED NUMBER OF THE COMPONENTS OF A DEFINITION MIGHT ALLOW ONE TO ANALYSE AND DESCRIBE EXPLICITLY A COMPLEX SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC RELATION, EVEN IF CHANGE OF MEANING COMES INTO PLAY. A TENTATIVE SYNTHESIS OF THE TWO APPROACHES MAKES IT POSSIBLE TO IMAGINE THE CREATION OF AN EXPLANATORY TEXT WHICH WOULD COMBINE THE PRESENTATION OF THE MEANING WITH THAT OF THE SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC RELATION. THE ANALYSIS OF A CORPUS OF 8318 COMPOUND NOUNS THAT HAVE BEEN FORMED SINCE 1933 (LISTED FROM SUPPLEMENTS III AND IV OF THE O.E.D.) AND CLASSIFIED IN TYPES, ENABLES ONE TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN VARIOUS PATTERNS.